• SLAVERY

  • The 1619 Project

    How to use the project in class:

    http://pulitzercenter.org/projects/1619-project-pulitzer-center-education-programming

    Guardian: A timeline .

    https://www.theguardian.com/news/2019/aug/15/400-years-since-slavery-timeline

    Cliquer sur SLAVERY pour tous les autres articles de ce blog sur ce thème.

    Idem pour tous les autres thèmes : cliquer sur le nom de la rubrique en capitales en haut de l'article.

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  • http://www.speakeasy-news.com/the-end-of-slavery-juneteenth/

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  • The song contains valuable information for fugitive slaves : The constellation the slaves called the Drinking Gourd is the Big Dipper.

     

    http://www.followthedrinkinggourd.org/

     

    Wikipedia

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follow_the_Drinkin%27_Gourd

    OTHER SONGS

    http://www.harriet-tubman.org/songs-of-the-underground-railroad/

    WIKIPEDIA

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Songs_of_the_Underground_Railroad

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  • https://www.oprahmag.com/entertainment/a28480513/harriet-movie-trailer-release-date-cast/

    Resources

    https://www.education.com/worksheet/article/the-underground-railroad/?source=related_materials&order=3

    https://kidskonnect.com/people/harriet-tubman/

    There's a chapter on slavery in Give Me Five 4ème

    and articles in Speakeasy News

    http://www.speakeasy-news.com/tag/harriet-tubman/

    Underground Railraod A very good and famous interactive site :

    http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/bhistory/underground_railroad/

     SITE CONSARE A HARRIET TUBMAN

    http://www.harriet-tubman.org/

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  • It's "African-American History Month" in the U.S.

    You can freely use AwesomeStories' vast archive to explore the topic throughout February.    

    We will feature various topics, starting with:

     

    How the Slave Trade Began

    Triangle-Trade and Slavery in "The New World"

    The Middle Passage

    When Parliament Abolished the Slave Trade 

     

    Did Africa have a version of slavery before the slave trade?

     

    How did the technology of new ships lead to slave-trading?

     

    How, and when, did the slave-trade begin?

    Slavery : resources from Awesome Storie : Black History Month

     

    What happened to people in the African slave markets?

     

    What devices did slavers use on kidnapped Africans?

    Slavery : resources from Awesome Storie : Black History Month

    Members of Parliament, who wanted to perpetuate the slave trade, told stories about how well-off kidnapped Africans were on their long voyage across the Atlantic Ocean. Their claims, however, were debunked with actual evidence gathered by investigators who exposed the truth about what was known as "The Middle Passage."

     

    What was the Triangle Trade?

     

    What was the Middle Passage Myth?

     

    What was the Middle Passage Realty?

     

    Slavery : resources from Awesome Storie : Black History Month

     

    How were Africans maintained during the Atlantic crossing?

     

    What unimaginable horrors did people endure on the ships?

     

    Some of the transatlantic crossings were treacherous. According to evidence presented at the privy council, the average loss of life for captured Africans - during each voyage - was about 12 1/2 percent. Another 4 1/2 percent died when they reached the shore of the "New World." These numbers do not include the percentage of people who died after they were captured. 

     

     

    What was it like to be a slave trader?

     

    What was the tragedy of the "Zong Affair?"

     

    How did the Zong Affair help to end the slave trade?

     

    When Africans arrived in the "New World," including America, they became forced laborers on plantations.

     

    Initially, in the American South, cotton was not "king." A key invention, however, changed that - with dramatically worse consequences for African-American slaves.

     

    How did Eli Whitney's invention cause slavery's expansion?

     

    What happened to slaves when they reached America?

     

    Were any slaves bought/sold in Washington, the U.S. capital?

     

    Did Slaves Help to Build the White House

    Slavery : resources from Awesome Storie : Black History Month

     

    Who tried to get Parliament to end the slave-trade?

     

    How hard is it to overthrow laws that allow immoral actions?

     

    How did a PR-campaign help to change the slave-trade law?

     

    What speech exposed the hypocrisy and immorality of the slave trade?

     

    Slavery : resources from Awesome Storie : Black History Month

     

    What caused William Wilberforce to bow his head and weep?

     

    What is possible when a young person starts a movement?

     

     

     

    In addition to African-American History Month,

    February, 2018, marks the 211th anniversary of Parliament's abolishing the unjust slave-trade law. 

     

     

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  • Treasury's tweet praises compensation to slave owners

    "The modern equivalent of £17bn was paid out to compensate slave owners for the loss of their human property. Some people believe we should be proud"

    https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/feb/12/treasury-tweet-slavery-compensate-slave-owners

    Slavery still misunderstood/ The Guardian

     

     

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  • Vidéo avec documents d'époque

     

    la performance de John Legend

    http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/slavery/videos/no-more-auction-block

    Paul Robeson

     

     

     

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  • Video by The Atlantic

    The Whitney Plantation near Wallace, Louisiana, is the first and only U.S. museum and memorial to slavery. While other museums may include slavery in their exhibits, the Whitney Plantation is the first of its kind to focus primarily on the institution. John Cummings, a 78-year-old white southerner, has spent 16 years and more than $8 million of his own fortune to build the project, which opened in December of last year. 

     

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  • BBC NEWS

    Human trafficking: The lives bought and sold

    UN DOSSIER TRES COMPLET SUR CE PROBLEME

    ARTICLE + VIDEOS

    http://www.bbc.com/news/world-33592634

    Posters warning about trafficking

    THE GUARDIAN

    David Cameron vows crackdown on trafficking of Vietnamese children

    "As many as 3,000 Vietnamese children are thought to have been trafficked to Britain to work in cannabis farms and nail bars, and are often housed in atrocious conditions. Overall, the government scientific adviser has suggested there may be as many as 13,000 victims in the UK. Vietnam is the fourth biggest source country of people trafficked to the UK"

    http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jul/29/david-cameron-vows-crackdown-trafficking-slavery-vietnamese-children

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  • ON DEMOCRACY NOW

    http://www.democracynow.org/blog/2015/7/2/what_to_the_american_slave_is

    By Amy Goodman and Denis Moynihan

    “What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July?” asked Frederick Douglass of the crowd gathered at Corinthian Hall in Rochester, N.Y., on July 5, 1852. “I answer,” he continued, “a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which lie is the constant victim. To him, your celebration is a sham.”

    Douglass escaped slavery in 1838 and became one of the most powerful and eloquent orators of the abolitionist movement. His Independence Day talk was organized by the Rochester Ladies’ Anti-Slavery Sewing Society. Douglass extolled the virtues of the Founding Fathers, those who signed the Declaration of Independence.

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  • TRANSCRIPT

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  • bbc news

    http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-31148074

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  • Video

    'Up to 13,000 slaves' working in UK

    http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-30257974

    Voir aussi sur ce blog

    http://myschoolbag.eklablog.com/search?q=slavery

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  • The Guardian : modern-day slavery hub

    A mine of articles on modern-day slavery

    ex : rana-plaza-bangladesh-forced-labour-supply-chains

     

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  • The Amistad

    Supreme Court Rules in Amistad Slave Ship Case

    Joseph Cinque, or Sengbe Pieh, in a 1839 portrait by Nathaniel Jocelyn, overthrew the crew of the slave ship La Amistad.

    Abolitionists on Amistad case

    This is an 18th Century watercolor by an unknown artist of the Spanish ship La Amistad whose crew were overthrown by their cargo of African slaves.

     

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  • PEOPLE TRAFFICKING

     

    People trafficking: Ordeal for those coming to UK - 4 March 2014
    "People trafficked into the UK may already have spent years travelling before they arrive, a BBC investigation has found.
    They also face violence and are treated like slaves by the criminal gangs transporting them."

    (BBC)

     

    Anti-slavery teams to be introduced at UK airports - 21 February 2014 
    "Specialist anti-slavery teams are to be based inside UK airports in a bid to clamp down on human trafficking, ministers have announced."

    (BBC)

    THANKS TO MICHELLE HENRY

      (Permalink)

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  • On This Spanish Slave Ship, Nothing Was As It Seemed

    A review of The Empire of Necessity, by Greg Grandin

     

     

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  • 2014 Oscars

    Special Edition 

    Featuring:

    Teachable Moments for

    "12 Years a Slave"

    and Other Awesome Stories on Slavery 

     

     

    LIEN VERS LA PAGE DE CE BLOG SUR LE FILM :

     

    TWELVE YEARS A SLAVE

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  • at least 21 million people endure forms of treatment that merit the word 'slavery'.

     

    http://www.theguardian.com/teacher-network/teacher-blog/2013/dec/01/modern-day-slavery-news-teaching-resources

    Child labour

    Children forced to work is just one of the examples of modern-day slavery. Photograph: Shafiqul Alam/Demotix/Corbis

    http://www.globalslaveryindex.org/

     

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  • BBC News: The woman behind the rediscovery of 12 Years a Slave

    http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-26344745

    BAFTA AWARDS

    http://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2014/02/top-british-film-award-12-years-slave-20142171551173979.html
     

    12 Years a Slave: Who was Solomon Northup?

    http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-25589598

    Engraving of Northup, Chiwetel Ejiofor as Northup

    Solomon Northup as he appears in the original book and Chiwitel Ejiofor, who has been much-praised in the lead role of the film

    On PBS : http://video.pbs.org/video/2365102334/

     

     A VERY INTERESTING  VIDEO REVIEW OF THE MOVIE HERE (FIRST 7 MINUTES)

    Three reviewers give their opinions. A good exercise in class.

    lien vers le script du film

    THE NEW YORK TIMES:

    http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/18/movies/12-years-a-slave-holds-nothing-back-in-show-of-suffering.html?_r=0

    About the relation between book and film

    http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/11/06/the-passion-of-solomon-northup/?ref=slavery

    printable version:

     RESOURCES on slavery

    Scholastic:

    http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/bhistory/underground_railroad/plantation.htm

    PBS:

    http://www.pbs.org/wnet/slavery/resources/index.html

    Un site plein de "lesson plans" et de travaux d'enseignants, powerpoints, worksheets, etc...

    http://www.blackhistory4schools.com/slavetrade/

    Excellent site interactif de la BBC, parfait pour distribuer des tâches différentes en partant de la même source

    http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/launch_anim_slavery.shtml

    The Guardian

    http://www.theguardian.com/education/2012/aug/20/how-to-teach-modern-slavery-resources

    Ressources du New York Times  (for teachers)

    http://learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/10/22/text-to-text-twelve-years-a-slave-and-an-escape-that-has-long-intrigued-historians/#more-138616

    October 22, 2013, 4:29 pm

    Text to Text | ‘Twelve Years a Slave,’ and ‘An Escape That Has Long Intrigued Historians’

    Benedict Cumberbatch, left, as William Ford, and Chiwetel Ejiofor as Solomon Northup, in the film “12 Years a Slave.” Go to Related Article »Jaap Buitendijk/Fox Searchlight Pictures Benedict Cumberbatch, left, as William Ford, and Chiwetel Ejiofor as Solomon Northup, in the film “12 Years a Slave.” Go to Related Article »
    Lesson Plans - The Learning NetworkLesson Plans - The Learning Network
    American History

    Teaching ideas based on New York Times content.

    Last month we introduced our new Text to Text series, which matches Times content with excerpts from often-taught literary, cultural, historical or scientific material. Read more about the format, and consider submitting an idea.

    This past weekend the film “12 Years a Slave,” based on the 1853 slave narrative of the same name, opened in theaters, and so we chose to pair an excerpt from the original text by Solomon Northup with a recent Times article that discusses Mr. Northup’s narrative in the context of the antislavery literary genre.

     


    Background: Solomon Northup was a free black man living in Saratoga Springs, N.Y. in 1841, when he was coaxed by “two gentlemen of respectable appearance” to travel to Washington, D.C. for employment. While there, he was beaten and sold into slavery, with his captors claiming he was a fugitive slave. He spent twelve years in bondage with three different masters in Louisiana before he was finally rescued — a feat which involved secretly smuggling a letter to his family and enlisting the help of the New York governor.

    In her film review, Manohla Dargis writes about what makes Mr. Northup’s book, which he published in 1853 after regaining his freedom, such a remarkable historical document:

    Unlike most of the enslaved people whose fate he shared for a dozen years, the real Northup was born into freedom…. That made him an exceptional historical witness, because even while he was inside slavery — physically, psychologically, emotionally — part of him remained intellectually and culturally at a remove, which gives his book a powerful double perspective.

    We selected an excerpt from Chapter III, so students can plunge into the heart of the action with Mr. Northup’s first experience of being a slave.

    Key Question: What does Solomon Northup’s narrative, as part of a larger genre of antislavery literature, reveal about the institution of slavery?

    Activity Sheets: As students read and discuss, they might take notes using these graphic organizers (PDFs) we have created for our Text to Text feature:


    Illustration from Twelve Years a Slave (1855)  Illustration from Twelve Years a Slave (1855)

    Excerpt 1: From Chapter III of “Twelve Years a Slave: Narrative of Solomon Northup, a Citizen of New-York, Kidnapped in Washington City in 1841 and Rescued in 1853, From a Cotton Plantation Near the Red River in Louisiana” by Solomon Northup

    “Well, my boy, how do you feel now?” said Burch, as he entered through the open door. I replied that I was sick, and inquired the cause of my imprisonment. He answered that I was his slave — that he had bought me, and that he was about to send me to New-Orleans. I asserted, aloud and boldly, that I was a freeman — a resident of Saratoga, where I had a wife and children, who were also free, and that my name was Northup. I complained bitterly of the strange treatment I had received, and threatened, upon my liberation, to have satisfaction for the wrong. He denied that I was free, and with an emphatic oath, declared that I came from Georgia. Again and again I asserted I was no man’s slave, and insisted upon his taking off my chains at once. He endeavored to hush me, as if he feared my voice would be overheard. But I would not be silent, and denounced the authors of my imprisonment, whoever they might be, as unmitigated villains. Finding he could not quiet me, he flew into a towering passion. With blasphemous oaths, he called me a black liar, a runaway from Georgia, and every other profane and vulgar epithet that the most indecent fancy could conceive.

    During this time Radburn was standing silently by. His business was, to oversee this human, or rather inhuman stable, receiving slaves, feeding, and whipping them, at the rate of two shillings a head per day. Turning to him, Burch ordered the paddle and cat-o’-ninetails to be brought in. He disappeared, and in a few moments returned with these instruments of torture. The paddle, as it is termed in slave-beating parlance, or at least the one with which I first became acquainted, and of which I now speak, was a piece of hardwood board, eighteen or twenty inches long, molded to the shape of an old-fashioned pudding stick, or ordinary oar The flattened portion, which was about the size in circumference of two open hands, was bored with a small auger in numerous places. The cat was a large rope of many strands — the strands unraveled, and a knot tied at the extremity of each.

    As soon as these formidable whips appeared, I was seized by both of them, and roughly divested of my clothing. My feet, as has been stated, were fastened to the floor. Drawing me over the bench, face downward, Radburn placed his heavy foot upon the fetters, between my wrists, holding them painfully to the floor. With the paddle, Burch commenced beating me. Blow after blow was inflicted upon my naked body. When his unrelenting arm grew tired, he stopped and asked if I still insisted I was a free man. I did insist upon it, and then the blows were renewed, faster and more energetically, if possible, than before. When again tired, he would repeat the same question, and receiving the same answer, continue his cruel labor. All this time, the incarnate devil was uttering most fiendish oaths. At length the paddle broke, leaving the useless handle in his hand. Still I would not yield. All his brutal blows could not force from my lips the foul lie that I was a slave. Casting madly on the floor the handle of the broken paddle, he seized the rope. This was far more painful than the other. I struggled with all my power, but it was in vain. I prayed for mercy, but my prayer was only answered with imprecations and with stripes. I thought I must die beneath the lashes of the accursed brute. Even now the flesh crawls upon my bones, as I recall the scene. I was all on fire. My sufferings I can compare to nothing else than the burning agonies of hell!

    At last I became silent to his repeated questions. I would make no reply. In fact, I was becoming almost unable to speak. Still he plied the lash without stint upon my poor body, until it seemed that the lacerated flesh was stripped from my bones at every stroke. A man with a particle of mercy in his soul would not have beaten even a dog so cruelly. At length Radburn said that it was useless to whip me any more — that I would be sore enough. Thereupon Burch desisted, saying, with an admonitory shake of his fist in my face, and hissing the words through his firm-set teeth, that if ever I dared to utter again that I was entitled to my freedom, that I had been kidnapped, or any thing whatever of the kind, the castigation I had just received was nothing in comparison with what would follow. He swore that he would either conquer or kill me. With these consolatory words, the fetters were taken from my wrists, my feet still remaining fastened to the ring; the shutter of the little barred window, which had been opened, was again closed, and going out, locking the great door behind them, I was left in darkness as before.

    Students can read the entire book on the Documenting the American South Web site at the University of North Carolina.


    Excerpt 2: From “An Escape From Slavery, Now a Movie, Has Long Intrigued Historians,” by Michael Cieply

    The real Solomon Northup — and years of scholarly research attest to his reality — fought an unsuccessful legal battle against his abductors. But he enjoyed a lasting triumph that began with the sale of some 30,000 copies of his book when it first appeared, and continued with its republication in 1968 by the historians Sue Eakin and Joseph Logsdon….

    For decades, however, scholars have been trying to untangle the literal truth of Mr. Northup’s account from the conventions of the antislavery literary genre.

    The difficulties are detailed in “The Slave’s Narrative,” a compilation of essays that was published by the Oxford University Press in 1985, and edited by Charles T. Davis and Henry Louis Gates Jr. (Mr. Gates is now credited as a consultant to the film, and he edited a recent edition of “Twelve Years a Slave.”)

    “When the abolitionists invited an ex-slave to tell his story of experience in slavery to an antislavery convention, and when they subsequently sponsored the appearance of that story in print, they had certain clear expectations, well understood by themselves and well understood by the ex-slave, too,” wrote one scholar, James Olney.

    Mr. Olney was explaining pressures that created a certain uniformity of content in the popular slave narratives, with recurring themes that involved insistence on sometimes questioned personal identity, harrowing descriptions of oppression, and open advocacy for the abolitionist cause.

    In his essay, called “I Was Born: Slave Narratives, Their Status as Autobiography and as Literature,” Mr. Olney contended that Solomon Northup’s real voice was usurped by David Wilson, the white “amanuensis” to whom he dictated his tale, and who gave the book a preface in the same florid style that informs the memoir.

    “We may think it pretty fine writing and awfully literary, but the fine writer is clearly David Wilson rather than Solomon Northup,” Mr. Olney wrote.

    In another essay from the 1985 collection, titled “I Rose and Found My Voice: Narration, Authentication, and Authorial Control in Four Slave Narratives,” Robert Burns Stepto, a professor at Yale, detected textual evidence — assurances, disclaimers and such — that Solomon Northup expected some to doubt his story.

    “Clearly, Northup felt that the authenticity of his tale would not be taken for granted, and that, on a certain peculiar but familiar level enforced by rituals along the color line, his narrative would be viewed as a fiction competing with other fictions,” wrote Mr. Stepto.


    For Writing or Discussion

    1. What does the excerpt from “Twelve Years a Slave” reveal about the institution of slavery? Cite evidence from the text to support your ideas.
    2. How does Mr. Northup’s perspective as a free man who was kidnapped and sold into slavery make him an “exceptional historical witness,” in the words of Manohla Dargis, a Times film critic? Use evidence from the excerpt to back up your answer.
    3. What questions does The Times article (Text 2) raise about the entire genre of antislavery literature, and about “Twelve Years a Slave” in particular? What answers does the article suggest? Be sure to support your answer with textual evidence.
    4. How can all “true” stories get twisted by time, literary embellishment or the flaws of memory? How do we know when, and how much, to trust a historical source?

     

    Going Further

    1. The director Steve McQueen provides commentary on a clip from his film “12 Years a Slave” in “The Anatomy of a Scene.” Have students watch the clip, then discuss the following questions:

    • What happens in this scene?
    • What does this short scene show about the relationship between slave and slave master?
    • Why does Mr. McQueen choose to portray the scene in this way?

    2. Watch the full movie “12 Years a Slave,” then read Manohla Dargis’s film review. Ask students to identify three or more assertions that Ms. Dargis makes about the film, and decide whether they agree with her points or not. For example, Ms. Dargis takes the following position:

    In large part, “12 Years a Slave” is an argument about American slavery that, in image after image, both reveals it as a system (signified in one scene by the sights and ominous, mechanical sounds of a boat water wheel) and demolishes its canards, myths and cherished symbols. There are no lovable masters here or cheerful slaves. There are also no messages, wagging fingers or final-act summations or sermons. Mr. McQueen’s method is more effective and subversive because of its primarily old-fashioned, Hollywood-style engagement.

    Do students agree with Ms. Dargis? What evidence can they find in the film to support their opinion? Then, students can write their own film review — based on three or more of their assertions that they make about the film.

    3. Alternatively, if students both read the book and watch the film, they can write an analytical essay comparing the two. In their analysis they can consider:

    • How well does the movie stay true to the most important events in the book?
    • Does the movie play with time or facts?
    • Does it matter whether the filmmakers took liberties if they managed to convey larger truths and start new conversations? Explain.

    4. Students can read two or more slave narratives to look for commonalities and differences. A free library of texts is available in the “Slave Narrative Project”. As part of their analysis, they should read the project’s introduction — particularly the sections titled “Literary Contexts for Slave and Ex-Slave Narratives” and “Importance of This Project to the Nation”. Here is an excerpt:

    Slave and ex-slave narratives are important not only for what they tell us about African-American history and literature, but also because they reveal to us the complexities of the dialogue between whites and blacks in this country in the last two centuries, particularly for African Americans.

    Then, using the slave narratives that they read, students can discuss what these narratives reveal about the institution of slavery, how they reflect the conventions of the antislavery literary genre, and what they show about the dialogue between blacks and whites regarding slavery during antebellum America.

    5. Read this Jan. 20, 1853, Times article detailing the kidnapping and rescue of Solomon Northup (misspelled “Northrop” in the article). What does this newspaper story add to our understanding of Mr. Northup’s case?

    6. Manohla Dargis opens her film review with the following statement:

    “12 Years a Slave” isn’t the first movie about slavery in the United States — but it may be the one that finally makes it impossible for American cinema to continue to sell the ugly lies it’s been hawking for more than a century.

    Ask students:

    • What movies have you seen about slavery? For example, have you ever watched “Gone With the Wind”? What “lies” is Ms. Dargis referring to?
    • Why are films about history important? What responsibility, if any, do they have?

    To continue the discussion, students can read the article “Never-Ending Story: ‘Conversation About Race’ Has Not Brought Cultural Consensus” by A.O. Scott. Then they can reflect on the movies and televisions shows they have watched, and consider: What history are they telling about race in America? How are these films and shows contributing to the continuing dialogue?


    More Resources:

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